ABSTRACT
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic trematode that is lesscommonly seen in India. The clinical manifestationsrange from acute, sub acute and chronic phases. Agranulomatous type of lesion formed by Schistosomahematobium in the lower urinary tract. We present acase of rare neglected tropical infection in this part ofDakshin Kannada. A 66-year-old man presents withhistory of irritative voiding symptoms, urgency,incontinence, and nocturia of 2 months duration. CTUrogram showed bladder wall thickening. Cystoscopyshowed granuloma in the posterolateral wall of thebladder. Urine microscopy picked up Schistosomahematobium eggs. Bladder biopsy showed chronicinflammatory type of lesion. This is a case of confirmedchronic granulomatous urinary schistosomiasis in anon-endemic region, and successfully treated.Clinicians should become aware of the existence of thisparasite in few pockets in India.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To document the dose received by brachial plexus (BP) in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and report the incidence of brachial plexopathy. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients of HNSCC treated with radical or adjuvant IMRT were included in this retrospective study. No dosimetric constraints were applied for BP maximum dose equivalent dose (EQD2 α/β = 3). Patients with minimum 6-month follow-up were included and patients with suspicion of plexopathy were evaluated further. Results: Sixty-seven patients were eligible and 127 BP were analyzed. The mean BP maximum dose (BPmax) was 62.4 Gy (+6.9), while mean BP volume was 28.1 cc (+4.1). Proportion of patients receiving BPmax >66 and >70 Gy were 34.7% and 14.2%. The mean BPmax for T4 tumors was significantly higher than T1 tumors (65 vs. 57.5 Gy, P = 0.005) but when adjusted for N-category, T-category was not independently significant in accounting for BPmax >66 or >70 Gy. Mean BPmax for N0 versus N2+ was 59.8 versus 65.6 Gy (P = 0.0001) and N1 versus N2+ was 61.6 versus 65.6 Gy (P = 0.018). After adjusting for T-category, patients with N2+ had a mean 4.2 Gy higher BPmax than N0-N1 (P = 0.0001). Stage III–IV patients had a mean six Gy higher BPmax doses than Stage I–II disease (P = 0.0001). With a median follow-up of 28 months (interquartile range 16–42), no patient had brachial plexopathy. Conclusion: Clinically significant plexopathy was not seen in spite of majority having over 2-years follow-up and a third of patients having dose above the recommended tolerance. Only nodal category independently influenced dose to the brachial plexii
ABSTRACT
Approximately 1 in 3 women will require antimicrobial treatment for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Forty to fifty percentage of the woman will have a UTI before the age of twenty four during their life time. UTI’S in male patients are rare but once infected considered to be complicated. Infection of urinary tract is amongst the most common bacterial infections that prompt patient’s to seek medical advice second only to infection of respiratory tract In the present study, the isolation of urinary tract infecting pathogens from patients of different gender and age group revealed that Escherichia coli was the dominant isolate followed by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus.
ABSTRACT
Bendamustine hydrochloride is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It kills the existing cancer cells and limits the growth of new cancer cells. Three simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of Bendamustine hydrochloride in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) (Method A) and boric buffer (pH 9.0) (Method B). Method C is a difference spectroscopy technique in which the amplitude was chosen for the analytical calculations. Bendamustine hydrochloride obeys Beer-Lambert’s law over the concentration range 1-40 μg/ml, 0.1-40 μg/ml and 5- 40 μg/ml with regression equations y = 0.003x + 0.001(r² = 0.998) y = 0.0027x + 0.0005 (r² = 0.999), and y = 0.0034x + 0.006 (r² = 0.994) for Method A, B and C respectively. The methods were validated as per ICH guidelines and can be applied for the determination of Bendamustine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.